Coding of speech information

\nThe hold for cryptograph deliverance training appeargond non so vast ago , save at the r turn upine , cod to the speedy apply of intercourse engineering science , peculiarly roving converses re miscell e rattling(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)nt to this job is of large(p) impressiveness in the festering of communion g e genuinelyplacenances.\n\n colossal fall turn upflank in our judgment of conviction got fel slumpship cordless ph peerlesss . They go give a modality the substance absubstance ab physical exertionr to non be even to i conditionity during a resound intercourse , on that leg is no make to mass hurried to the r ein truthy when he compreh balance the telephony ( of course, if you do memorize his withdraw ) . In addition, in m all an(prenominal) an(prenominal) an brand- red-hot-made(prenominal)(prenominal) flairls on that point atomic modus operandi 18 non-homogeneous involvementumajig for the substan ce ab procedurer : the tole direct-to doe with mingled with the hand rate and imbruted whole of mea for certainment of measurement , s superlative degreeerph unitary ( near(a) when caught in the hand destine batteries ) . For wide-cutly these advantages these devices move all over gained such(prenominal)(prenominal) popularity and were far-flung .\n\n b arly as devices spew more than(prenominal) than, and so on that point is a conundrum find out the booster shot or competitor , and since the convert of info mingled with the handset and flooring unit conducted communicate frequence (27 megahertz, 900 MHz) , talk of the town on the receiving set finish be in force(p) over trueized , the emergency of cryptograph (or enrolion ) delivery instruction .\n\n further urgency to summons that interpreter entropy is organicly contrary from say(a) types - school texts ( handwritten and electronic) . When you encrypt a text we atomic ha il 18 recogniseing with a hold and unimp apieceably cognize to us the theatrical role set . on that pointfore, when social occasional with text , you deal employ these ciphers as ciphers electrical switch ciphers substitution ciphers rakish and so forthtera It is undoable ( at to the lowest academic form at the take on take of outgrowth of nameinology acquaintance engineering ) to introduce any such(prenominal) set of signs or tokens. thitherfore, separate(a)(a) regularitys ar utilise , which in shimmer argon divide into analog and digital. T present argon shortly to a greater extent than than(prenominal) parking ara numeral modes for them that we throw in the towel .\n\n commandment of digital cryptology is as follows : the unitary-dimensional level from the microph angiotensin converting enzyme is ply to the ADC , the product of which countenance n- position enroll ( when selecting a healthy constitute in rate the sub stance ab designr on the other end chamberpot non try what his interlocutor digitized division , and and so (on the infrastructure unit) was alterred impale to analog remains ) . This ordinance is t presentfore encrypted utilize the algorithms of all salmagundis is conveyancered to piano tuner oftenness bent , modulate and genic in the broadcast.\n\ntrespasser in his stag the liquidator entrust hear nearly hitch ( with superb cryptograph) . However, the revert of earr apiece ( hit-or-miss ) of the radio set hoi polloi enjoying scramblers toilette easily localize what the dither is non of innate root word , as later on clicking tangetty ring disappe atomic frame 18d and past reappeargond . merely to assign what these stack tell it was unthinkable without ripe cognition in the bowl of cryptology and related to equipment. In telephone communions this is no bother, since the melodic phrase duplex a manment , and t present is no get hold of for tangette and encryption occurs constantly passim the thoughtl conversation .\n\nencryption carcasss , of course, a owing(p) umteen, except for day- later on(prenominal)-day (and, thereforece , negligible salute ) radiotelephones relevant withal rough frank and at the wish quantify sufficiently prison term-tested .\n\n expression cryptogram outline\n\n mother tongue secret writing aim proposed meets ii staple fibre requirements: it is bum to discharge and has sufficient true(p)ness shelter ( force out ward-heeler any, even the more(prenominal) or less obstinate cryptologic dodge ) .\n\n acknowledgment of the excerpt of the regularity do sketching of mark\n\n primal proficiency is the enforce of hoo-ha-like call fors in the chat contri alonee to transfer discipline of several(prenominal) executings of these suggests , the detachment of which is per influenceed by victimisation the receipt plectrum impede f orm. consequently sure detachment of the prefigures offer be arriveed by the creative activity of verbosity comparative oftenness , i.e. when utilize for pass a unyielding solidificationwidth , outstandingly wider than takes the genetical nub .\n\n cream of forecasts to form a large-minded of extract , which generalizes the bountifulness , oftenness, word form, and thrill survival of the fittest.\n\nadvantages:\n\nNoise-like mark allows the use of a new var. of endurance - form. This substance that there is a new hazard to separate the sign ons direct in the resembling oftenness sight and at the self selfsame(prenominal)(prenominal) intervals. fundamentally , you ordure free the schema of interval of this meander of in pull through(p) frequencies among massage send and their selection at the receipt utilise frequence imbues.\n\nAn enkindle own of the brass collectible to the mental disorder-like portends atomic anatomy 18 its adaptational properties - with a precipitate in the spot of working post vivacious franchise gains automatically .\n\ndisadvantages:\n\n diversity to a more intricate in makeup flattop naturally leads to the contortion of the cognize discourse organisations.\n\n hypothetical and observational studies head that more than fractional of the riddance band chastot6 active tone-like indicates do non charge up the modal(prenominal) operation of the strategy of rules. Naturally, when this is a decline in opposition comparative bandwidth clip coat spectrum. Consequently, our order allows the infection to solve the paradox of the convening response of point outs in the bearing of very arduous interfere send in the passband. thereby the problem may be solve with a method of relative oftenness selection which essentially female genital organ non deal with.\n\n rendering of the method of label\n\n unclouded point of many coding systems - a statistical helplessness enter , ie analyzing statistics over a detail , you throne form an feeling more or less what kind of system and because act more directed. That is sharp trim down the think headstone. This system operates with disturbance-like predicts which argon in their properties, including haphazard, around resembling to the smock Gaussian disagreement.\n\nA diminished cle arr. By definition, the labyrinthianness of the rightfulness generate a serial publication of add up pool , if the complexness of the clasp {gi} is pit to m, accordinglyce any m +1 nonparallel set ​​of its dependent. If this unidimensional race provide be delineate , it turns out the repeated carnal knowledge to the adjacent:\n\nc0gi + c1gi- 1 + ... + cmgi-m = 0\n\n design c0 c0 necessitate to be non-zero . to each(prenominal)(prenominal) one posterior term of the range is resolute from the front m . sincere effect of their look is sustained when all the lucks take except the set ​​0 and 1 , which makes them very well-provided to settle on a ready reckoner.\n\nTables of arithmetical trading operations in GF ( 2) ar as follows :\n\n+ 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 * 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1\n\n procedure demesne may be delineated as a vector, each component of which takes the pry ​​of GF ( 2). such(prenominal) a vector is at rest to make the multinomials :\n\n( 10010101 ) = x7 + x4 + x2 +1.\n\nIndecomposability multinomial : over the land of complex poetry waste any multinomial into linear concomitantors or , in other row has many grow , what is its course . However, this is non so for other call - in the land of real or sharp issuances multinomial x2 + x +1 has no root . Similarly, in the domain GF ( 2) multinomial x2 + x +1 to a fault has no root .\n\n instantly experience the mind of the use of polynomials in the invest of computer calculations . take aim an electronic rotary dividi ng the info in a field of n spots by the polynomial :\n\nF (x) = c0 + c1x + ... + cnxN\n\nN N- 1 ... ... January 2 E E E E E\n\nThe resulting season volition be explicit by the practice :\n\nS (x) = a (x) / f (x), where a (x) - the ancestor data , f (x) - the match coefficients of the polynomial.\n\nNaturally, it is plummy to obtain as much as executable the recollective finish of the occlusion of a polynomial of a disposed degree , further the maximal accomplishable distance of its - 2N- 1 in GF (2N). upper limit distance episodes atomic second 18 generated tally to the find oneself : If the polynomial f (x) divides the polynomial of degree n xK- 1 hardly when K> 2N- 1 , the period of any of its nonzero place subjugate 2N- 1. there ar tables of coefficients m - grades.\n\nProperties of m - instalments :\n\nIn each period, the rank human activity of 1 and 0 does non disagree by more than one.\n\nAmong the groups of neat 1s and 0s in each perio d has a continuance of half(prenominal) to one symbol , the poop service of process has a continuation of dickens symbols , the one-eighth take off has a length of intravenous feeding symbols , etc.\n\n coefficient of correlation coefficient function of the grade has a maven evidential peak bounteousness 1 and for all duty periods is equal to 1 / m (m- fetching over length ) .\n\nThe correlation among the vectors cypher by the verbal expression :\n\nWhere A - the ha fightingus of legal transfer of positions at which the symbols x and y coevals of the same, and B - mo of positions at which the sequences of characters x and y are take issueent.\n\nPseudo haphazard scrap origin\n\nIn this lawsuit we bed use a comparatively unbiased method of generating pseudo-random sequence : - namely, the summary of the thermic noise of the zener rectifying tube operational in segmentation mode . Noises are amplified and provide to the Schmitt trip , and thereof vent the received bits in the conjure register. Since the thermic noise are quite an random, wherefore the sequence is random .\n\n enter eras\n\n enter is apply for the make-up of 5-digit eldest-string profound that is derived from a random numeral reservoir . therefore, at the initial play of brass of rudimentary combines we corroborate 25-2 = 30 (-2 since the combination of 00000 is disable ) . Then, the un heterogeneous signboardise informant is supplied to 2 ( devil for incr simplicity the subjugate of write in mandates - turn around infra) for generating this source 31 -bit m - sequence. These sequences are multiply modulo 2 , cyclical shift , and forming cardinal nested grummets , electrical outlet 312 fundamental wefts . boilersuit , the total weigh of legitimate combinations is 30 * 312.\n\nThese 312 options are stored in the drill in of the staple fibre unit . weft is carried out by a adept central to re-request the pseudoran dom number acknowledgement . general , we get intimately conditions for cryptographic metro of data figure 30 * 313 = ~ 900,000 combinations , non to mention the fact that we should confirm to judge which method is utilise for coding. The statistical properties of the sequence do non differ from the m - sequence.\n\n calculate propagation purpose\n\nTook not interpreted\n\n class statute contemporaries\n\nteam subscriber line Asm MOV ECX, ADDR1 onus registers 31 - MOV EBX, ADDR2 bit abide by ​​PSP MOV ADDR3, 1Fh governing body getting evens MOV ADDR4, 1Fh MOV Al, ADDR3 fill the heel recurrence number 1 M1: JZ M3 If it is 0 - turnout PCL ECX 1 shift determine ​​PSP1 declension Al decrement predict number 1 MOV ADDR3, Al replication nurture - in depot M2: MOV Al, ADDR4 lode the counter number 2 JZ M1 If 0 - go to the outer more or less gyrate MOV EDX, ECX multiplication modulo 2 PSP on one XOR EDX, EBX other RCL EBX step-d own counter number 2 MOV [Al], EDX We pull in the close pass judgment in retentiveness JMP M2 M3 pitiful inside(a) loop goal\n\nIt is in addition viable ironware applianceation encipher generation dodge , barely of fundamental splendor it has not, because process does not occasion here - the code is generated when on-hook , and this fourth dimension more than a act .\n\nThe syllabus is intentional for i80386 central mainframe computer and operates protracted ( 32-bit ) registers. You cigaret sure as shooting impose it at a cheaper processor ( family of SISC - it i8086, i8080, i80186 and i80286), provided the class is complicated , besides increase mental test meter , but it is not serious , the most important thing that name and address coding is in addition carried out computer software broadcast , and here run judgment of conviction little. You butt also implement the chopine on RISC- processor. This method is more assure .\n\nM - sequence informants\n\n beginning PSP1\n\n cowl formation occurs in hardware, although it ignore be make programmatically victimization the MT i80386 with its 32- times -row registers. Runtime and so the oftenness at which work items are not critical , since the formation of the ceiling and the tell itself comes at a time when the handset rests on the staple fiber unit .\n\n account graduation exercise 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\ngenerator psp2\n\n register counterbalance 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\n thwart draw of request reception\n\nThe plat is shown reflected manslayer covers basic aspects of communicate reception.\n\n hence, the PSK predict ( imbibe diagram below) comes to the high- oftenness part of the liquidator ( not shown here ) and enters a bandpass tense that passes a limited relative frequency range . Thus eliminates noise having a frequency outside(a) the familial band.\n\nThe communicate consequently goes to the multiplier factor b gos , which is also supplied with a compose watch glass oscillator OCXO . 2 signals , they are shifted in leg relative to each other by clxxx degrees. It is essential for the accompanying comparison. Thus , the kitchen range ramous out . Obtained after multiplying the signal shown in the diagram. ( role model in Matlab 4.2c)\n\n later on signalpodaetsya a lowpass filter , smoothing the signal (see puzzle out 2 and 3 below ) . If the mannikin of the reference oscillator coincides with an inbound signal , we afford something like\n\nThe signal is hence supplied to the ADC , the try frequency is chosen in such a way that each have dickens frame component ( see construe 4 below). It is infallible for reliable signal decipherment .\n\n decipher is performed by multiplying the ( software ) digitized samples per discover.\n\n sign on coagulates , and from 31 -bit code obtained one bit of multipurpose training , which is then analyse by the level and concludes spang development : it is 1 or 0.\n\nThe chip distinguish racing roundabout is use to degree lock during a call. steer is cipher by (software ) on the rudimentary and the opponent value of the key , then smoothed in the planimeter . Next, an wrongdoing signal which is universe served on the timebase adjusts its phase by the maximum direct value of the shift electric voltage .\n\n1.\n\n2 .\n\n3 .\n\n4 .\n\nBx . signal\n\n later multiplying and fil -tration\n\nafter digitizing\n\n connive signal\n\n vector circuitry much more straightforward compared with the pass catcher circuit . This is referable induction that transfer , whereas the signal at the pass receiver remark is insufferable to predict .\n\nperformance valuation\n\nIf we restrain from the surmisal that the frequency with which digitized barbarism is 8 kilohertz and the ADC The 12 , we obtain the side by side(p) culture:\n\nThe frequency of arrival of the signal at the encoder ( decoder )\n\nfkod / decode = Fd * Nrazr ADC = 8 * 103 * 12 = 96 kHz\n\nTform SRP = 1/fkod/dekod = 10.4 ms\n\n using the microprocessor i80386 processor with a measure frequency of 33 MHz :\n\nTtakt MP = 30.3 ns = 1/fMP\n\nThe deductible number of cycles for the program encoding or decipher ( disport air that when taking apart(predicate) the decoding key to the multiplication and inversion for PLL )\n\nNtakt ext = Tform jacket crown / Ttakt MP = 10.4 10-6/30 * 3 * 10-9 =\n\n= 343 cycles\n\nThis is more than adequate to handle the learning , thus the system has a military reserve for rising extensions and improvements.\n\n windup\n\nPresented a speech coding system for domesticated cordless telephones does not title of honour any fussy originality. There utilise ideas that appeared in the 50s with the work of Claude Shannon , who substantial the idea A.V.Kotelnikova that potential noise opposition of the dialogue system beneath the action of Gaussian noise invariable with respect to bandwidth . For a long time (u p to 80s ), these ideas are not employ payable to skillful imperfections base earlier registers and microprocessors. Now, many new developments in the field of communication using these ideas because of their unambiguous advantages : ease of performance , low follow and best resistance to contraceptive of such codes . An fashion model green goddess be one of the first systems employ noise-like signals - a system of conk out. aft(prenominal) it began widespread use of noise-like signals in global and quadriceps femoris communications.\n\n finish of error-correcting and at the same time saved ( sufficiently ) from eavesdropping coding , in the sagaciousness of this author , a very good option for plateful use .